45% of the population around the world completely abandoned the use of alcohol. The remaining 65% or 122 million people still doubt whether or cannot be taken alcohol. Despite the shocking statistics of the mortality of every fifth man and 6% of women against the backdrop of addiction, only 13% of patients decide to drink to drink. Unfortunately, it is not able to prohibit the distribution of alcohol -containing products and Federal Law No. 178, which provides not only to control the production and turnover of ethyl alcohol, but also takes into account the rights and freedoms of citizens. That is why the state monitors the reduction in sales, restriction of sales, increasing the cost of excise stamps and prices for alcohol.
How alcohol acts on the body
The lack of culture skills of drinking and regular abuse of the permissible norm of alcohol causes irreparable harm to health. Passionate effect begins from the moment when the indicators of alcohol in the blood reach a value of 0. 3-0. 5 ppm. The degree of mild intoxication that a person experiences is indicating toxic lesion. 5-10 minutes enough for acetaldehyde to penetrate the organs and tissues, poisoning the most important life systems.
On the other hand, alcohol benefits are possible, but only if you use a safe dose of 28. 3 grams of pure ethyl alcohol several times a week. Ethanol interacts with membranes. Dissolving in lipids, increases the fluidity and permeability of cells. Mambranotropic action creates favorable conditions for the penetration of glucose through ion channels, which is very important at the initial stage of diabetes.
As a result of a decrease in the excitability and changes in the aggregate structure of the membrane, the transport of Na, K is enhanced, the metabolism CA, MG is suppressed. An excess of fatty acid esters accumulates in the heart of the heart, cholesterol increases.
There is a risk of hypoxia in the myocardial area, the danger of the development of pancreatic diseases, and a decrease in insulin production. Acetaldehyde forms strong bonds with plasma proteins, hemoglobin.
Alcohol can be drunk to expand blood vessels, increase blood flow and prevent platelet aggregation, in order to achieve a warming and antibacterial effect with a cold and influenza.
Alcohol is recommended for bronchitis to cleanse the alveoli and remove the liquid from the lungs.
The digestive organs suffer from alcohol. The burning poison causes damage to the walls of the stomach and small intestines, duodenum, violates the absorption of minerals and vitamins, neutral lipids.
The consequence of the changes is a deficiency of lactase, without which it is impossible to split lactose and the formation of glucose. After taking beer, the amount of Maltose and Sucrose decreases. Enzymes are part of the intestinal juice, blood and liver, participate in the synthesis of the energy reserve.
The euphoria and strengthening of libido is associated with the action of ethyl alcohol on the central nervous system. Activation of GABA receptors stimulates brain activity, tissue breathing, promotes glucose recycling, and normalizes blood circulation.
The enhanced emission of dopamine, the hormone of pleasure, satisfies the need for myocardial oxygen, increases coronary blood flow and renal filtration.
Long -term alcohol poisoning depresses the central nervous system and subcortical structures. In the clinical picture, feelings of anxiety and fear of death, autonomic disorders, clouding of consciousness, hallucinations and delirium prevail. After alcohol, patients often complain that the kidneys hurt. An increase in diuresis during prolonged drunkenness reduces the secretion of antidiuretic hormone and enhances the functions of the renin-angiotensin system.
The rise in the level of hormones is responsible for increasing the contractile ability of the heart muscle, blood pressure, entails increased excretion of calcium and magnesium in urine, weakening of bone and cartilage.
If you drink 160-180 grams of alcohol per day, the hepatotoxic effect of ethanol is noted.
The process is associated with the oxidation of alcohol splitting products with hepatocytes. By forming hydrogen, acetate slows down the oxidation of carbohydrates and accumulates fatty acids in the liver, depletes Glikolana reserves.
In chronic alcoholism, the concentration of uric acid, which is collected in the joints and blood, causes gout and allergies in the biliary system.
Negative consequences of alcohol consumption
A fatal outcome ends with the life of more than 3-3. 5 million drinking annually, of which 350 thousand people are adolescents and young people under 29 years old. Over 18–20% of the population around the world is intoxicated.
It is impossible to drink a lot of alcohol without harm and consequences for your own and the health of others.
Beer.Natural bitterness accelerates the formation of gastric juice and increases the concentration of hydrochloric acid, which adversely affects the condition of the digestive system, stimulates the propagation of the microorganism of Helicobacter pylori, a source of gastritis and ulcers. Fitoestrogens enter the finished product from hop cones.
Estrogen analogues have a strong feminize effect on the men's body, reduce testosterone levels, and create adverse conditions for conception. A visual example of the action of steroid hormone is a beer stomach, deposition of fat on the hips, sides, expansion of the pelvis and the growth of the chest glands.
Excessive beer consumption in women leads to bleeding, the formation of cysts, infertility. Gynecologists recommend refusing the foamy drink during pregnancy planning. In addition, substances in the composition of hops alcohol cause cancer of the rectum, congestive prostatitis and impotence.
Wine, liquors, champagne.In the process of alcohol fermentation of grape juice, sugar is involved, the content of which reaches 60% of the volume of the drink. Calorie content and carbohydrates with diabetes can provoke a fatal outcome to whom.
You can not drink wine for people prone to allergies. Fruit ingredients and dyes are able to activate histamine receptors, cause spasm of smooth muscles of the bronchi and asthmatic attack, urticaria, itching.
Sulfur dioxide slows the splitting of acetaldehyde and inhibits the intake of oxygen to the cells of the brain, has a strong irritating effect on the nasopharynx, and leads to strangulation.
Vodka, rum, brandy and cognacThey have the same concentration of ethyl alcohol, which in strong alcohol is about 40%. The components of Fusel oil, aldehydes and ethers typical of rectifical ethanol are similar to potent psychoactive substances.
Toxic compounds are easily dissolved in liquid biological media, penetrate into cells and tissues, affect all body systems. Passed by biotransformation, violate acid-base balance, water-salt balance, and deprive the body of energy and nutrient sources.
The social consequences of alcohol use can be called crimes that are carried out in drunk forms in 60-90% of cases, 20% of capables of capable age receive production injuries and a disability with a hangover.
About 60% of newborn children among mothers of drunkards do not live longer than a year or die in the first month. More than 60-80% of marriages break up.
Why everyone knows that alcohol is harmful, but still consumed
A tolerant attitude to alcohol-containing products in 80-90% of cases is characteristic of people with low social status and the lack of stable income. There are other reasons that encourage a person to drink alcohol.
In order to gain pleasure, getting rid of tension and stress, more than 45% of the population drink. Representatives of mental and physical labor know the permissible norm on weekdays and exceed the number of alcohol on holidays and weekends.
About 60. 5% of adolescents under 15 years old join the drink with the permission of their parents.
Children from incomplete families, with a stepmother or stepfather 2. 5 times more likely to suffer from addiction. The company and weakness affects 18% of cases. An important role is played by the availability of low alcohol drinks and beer.
Female alcoholism accompanies family dysfunction, lack of children or fear of loneliness. Alcohol co -dependence on the drinking husband is rare.
When you can’t drink alcohol
From the point of view of doctors, medical indications, when alcohol can be prescribed and consumed to patients, no. An exception is cases of poisoning with methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol. Useful ethanol acts as an effective antidote.
But it is strictly prohibited and cannot be taken alcohol if a person has serious changes in the body's work.
Diseases of the cardiovascular system.Chronic intoxication leads to a decrease in protein synthesis in the heart and myocardium by 15–20%. In alcoholics, disorders are expressed by atherosclerosis, episodes of sinus tachycardia or bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, signs of acute heart failure, heart attack and stroke.
In 1915, a direct dependence was established between arterial hypertension and the amount of alcohol drunk. A single intake of a moderate dose of 70-150 grams increases pressure, expands small capillaries and accelerates the pulse.
As a result, 11 % of men and 1-2 % of women diagnose hypertension, VSD.
Diseases of the biliary system.The weakening of Detoxification and regulatory ability is associated with increased permeability of cellular and intracellular hepatocytic membranes acquired by degenerative-dystrophic changes, genetic congenital defects of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.
A predisposition to liver cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis occurs in 15% of people who drink 160 grams of ethyl alcohol every day.
Erosive-hemorrhagic lesions and thinning of the gastrointestinal tract, a change in the processes of absorption and absorption of nutrients. Complications are gastritis, pancreatitis, stomach ulcer and duodenum.
Oncology or hereditary predisposition to the development of cancer cells.Scientists from the United States have proven ethanol fromwholesale. Only 10 grams of alcohol every day enhances the carcinogenic effect of one-atomic alcohol, damages healthy cells.
The fair sex, who prefer wine drinks, is 2 times more likely to suffer from breast cancer.
Oncology is recorded in 21. 6% of cases in the presence of a diagnosis of alcoholism.
Alcohol forms a stable dependence, acting on the human psyche, leads to a violation of neurogumoral and endocrine regulation. It is accompanied by a decrease in pain sensitivity, a disorder of temperature regulation and a change in muscle tone.
They are characterized by cerebral and cerebellar degeneration, the formation of foci of cellular necrosis due to a significant increase in calcium levels.
With cancellation syndrome, a high concentration of NMDA receptors or analogues of the so -called glycine on the surface of neurons leads to the death of nerve fibers. 1/2 patients die from hemorrhage.
The provoking factor in death in poisoning with alcohol -containing products is considered to be respiratory failure. Sources of a lack of oxygen are obstructive illness and edema of the lungs, pneumonia, the sap of tongue, accumulation of nasopharyngeal mucus, bouts of bronchial asthma due to allergies to alcohol components.
Deterioration of the function of the urinary system.A harmful effect on blood circulation and renal parenchyma is an imbalance of electrolytes. Slow down urine is expressed by uremic intoxication.
The subsequent dysfunction of the kidneys is characterized by an increase in diuresis, the release of nitrogen -containing toxins, the development of hypokalemia or hyponatremia.
How can an alcoholic be recognized
The formation of a stable dependence in men takes from 5 to 10 years. Women get 3-5 times faster. It is quite difficult to notice a craving for alcohol in a loved one at an early stage of pathology. Only experienced narcologists determine the characteristic features of developing alcoholism.
Primary acquaintance with alcohol -containing products or household, hidden drunkenness. A person receives satisfaction from a minimum dose of ethanol. The company rarely refuses the next portion, controls the amount of alcohol taken. The next morning it retains vigor. The second stage is a danger to health and social status. Alcohol can be used for several days in a row. Apistine syndrome enhances the desire to drink.
Periodic binges lead to irritability, depression, Tremor, hyperemia of the skin, vegetative and cardiovascular disorders.
About 30% of absenteeism at work are associated with a hangover and poisoning of ethyl alcohol.
An indicator of neglected, chronic alcoholism is white fever, apathy and personality degradation. Interests are limited to the search for alcohol. During the last stage of the disease, the depletion of the body is due to the irreversible consequences of ethanol.
In 50–60% of cases, death occurs from cerebral edema, in 25-30% of a death of death, heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, delirium.
To make a decision how alcohol is harmful to health, you can or cannot drink alcohol, it is necessary on your own. It is worth remembering that only 13-15% of alcoholics find the strength to voluntarily begin treatment. To cope with addiction and start a new life in 7% of people.